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當(dāng)前位置:上海瀚默機(jī)電科技有限公司>>技術(shù)文章>>毛細(xì)管粘度計(jì)原理和使用說(shuō)明
毛細(xì)管粘度計(jì)按結(jié)構(gòu)、形狀可分為烏氏、芬氏、平氏、逆流四種。它們測(cè)定的樣品粘度是運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度。已廣泛地運(yùn)用在石油、化工、輕工、機(jī)電、國(guó)防、交通、煤碳、冶金、醫(yī)藥、食品、造紙、紡織、科研、高等院校等單位。
測(cè)定原理:在一定溫度下,當(dāng)液體在直立的毛細(xì)管中,以*濕潤(rùn)管壁的狀態(tài)流動(dòng)時(shí),其運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度與流動(dòng)時(shí)間成正比。測(cè)定時(shí),用已知運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度的液體作標(biāo)準(zhǔn),測(cè)量其從毛細(xì)管粘度計(jì)流出的時(shí)間,再測(cè)量試樣自同一粘度計(jì)流出的時(shí)間,則可計(jì)算出試樣的粘度。 正確使用毛細(xì)管粘度計(jì),對(duì)確保產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和科研數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確是很重要的。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
三、恒溫及調(diào)垂直: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
把裝好樣品的粘度計(jì)放到恒溫槽架子上(夾子上),把毛細(xì)管左、右、前、后調(diào)垂直,在測(cè)定溫度下恒溫10分鐘,開(kāi)始測(cè)定,記下*到第二圈線間流出時(shí)間,一般選行三次(去掉不正常)取平均數(shù)。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
四、可用毛細(xì)管內(nèi)徑、測(cè)樣品粘度范圍、可參考下表:(選用的粘度計(jì)被測(cè)樣品流出時(shí)間不低于200秒) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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美國(guó)Cannon玻璃毛細(xì)粘度管測(cè)試方法:ASTM D445, ASTM D446, ASTM D2170方法,透明和不透明液體運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度測(cè)定法 (包括計(jì)算動(dòng)力粘度),玻璃毛細(xì)管運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度計(jì)的規(guī)格及使用說(shuō)明,瀝青運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度的試驗(yàn)方法
原理:本法用以測(cè)定透明與不透明產(chǎn)品的粘度,它是在已知的溫度下,利用液體本身的重力流動(dòng)性(gravity-flow)來(lái)測(cè)定一定體積的液體通過(guò)經(jīng)校正后的毛細(xì)玻璃管粘度計(jì)所需的時(shí)間。根據(jù)所測(cè)出的動(dòng)力粘度可計(jì)算出公制粘度或粘度(dynamic viscosity)。
方法概要:取一定體積的液體在嚴(yán)格的溫度與固定的液面高度的控制下,使其流經(jīng)毛細(xì)管粘度計(jì)而計(jì)算其流經(jīng)時(shí)間。根據(jù)流經(jīng)時(shí)間與粘度計(jì)的校正常數(shù)的乘積即可得動(dòng)力粘度。
所需儀器:
1. 粘度計(jì): 校正過(guò)后的玻璃毛細(xì)管,其所測(cè)得的粘度能符合于所要求的復(fù)驗(yàn)準(zhǔn)確度再試準(zhǔn)確度。
2. 粘度計(jì)支架: 能將粘度計(jì)在恒溫槽中架持穩(wěn)固,且能使其垂直豎立。
3. 粘度計(jì)調(diào)溫槽: 內(nèi)盛裝透明液體,能使樣品于粘度計(jì)內(nèi)較液面低20mm以下,或高于槽底20mm以上,能保持槽內(nèi)溫度的變動(dòng)于15至100℃間低于±0.02℃的變化,在此溫度范圍以外,亦不超過(guò)±0.05℃的溫度變化。
4. 測(cè)溫器: 檢驗(yàn)動(dòng)力粘度計(jì)的溫度計(jì)內(nèi)盛有適當(dāng)?shù)囊后w,使之能符合溫度范圍,溫度計(jì)使用前均需校正,校正后準(zhǔn)確度在±0.02℃,若其它測(cè)溫器有上述的度時(shí)亦可采用。
5. 定時(shí)器: 秒表或彈簧裝置的定時(shí)器均可使用,但其刻度至少在0.1秒,其測(cè)定200秒至900秒的誤差在±0.07%以?xún)?nèi)。
類(lèi)型一:Cannon-Fenske、Cannon-Ubbelohde Cannon-Ubbelohde Dilution Viscometers | ||
毛細(xì)粘度管號(hào) | 常數(shù)CSt/秒 | 范圍CST |
NO.25 | 0.002 | 0.5-2 |
NO.50 | 0.004 | 0.8-4 |
NO.75 | 0.008 | 1.6-8 |
00 | 0.015 | 3--15 |
50 | 0.035 | 7-35 |
NO.200 | 0.1 | 20-100 |
NO.300 | 0.25 | 50-250 |
NO.350 | 0.5 | 100-500 |
NO.400 | 1.2 | 240-1200 |
NO.450 | 2.5 | 500-2500 |
NO.500 | 8 | 1600-8000 |
NO.600 | 20 | 4000-20000 |
NO.650 | 45 | 9000-45000 |
NO.700 | 100 | 20000-100000 |
類(lèi)型二:Ubbelohde Viscometers | ||
NO.0 | 0.001 | 0.3-1 |
NO.0C | 0.003 | 0.6-3 |
NO.0B | 0.005 | 1--5 |
0.01 | 2--10 | |
C | 0.03 | 6--30 |
B | 0.05 | 10-50 |
NO.2 | 0.1 | 20-100 |
NO.2C | 0.3 | 60-300 |
NO.2B | 0.5 | 100-500 |
NO.3 | 1 | 200-1000 |
NO.3C | 3 | 600-3000 |
NO.3B | 5 | 1000-5000 |
NO.4 | 10 | 2000-10000 |
NO.4C | 30 | 6000-30000 |
NO.4B | 50 | 10000-50000 |
NO.5 | 100 | 20000-100000 |
類(lèi)型三:Zeitfuchs Cross-arm | ||
0.003 | 0.6-3 | |
NO.2 | 0.01 | 2--10 |
NO.3 | 0.03 | 6--30 |
NO.4 | 0.1 | 20-100 |
NO.5 | 0.3 | 60-300 |
NO.6 | 1 | 200-1000 |
NO.7 | 3 | 600-3000 |
NO.8 | 10 | 2000-10000 |
NO.9 | 30 | 6000-30000 |
0 | 100 | 20000-100000 |
Ubbelohde Viscometers | |||
Uncalibrated UBU | Calibrated UBC | Calibrated UBXC | |
NO.0 | 9721-N50 | 9721-R50 | 9721-U50 |
NO.0C | 9721-N53 | 9721-R53 | 9721-U53 |
NO.0B | 9721-N56 | 9721-R56 | 9721-U56 |
9721-N59 | 9721-R59 | 9721-U59 | |
C | 9721-N62 | 9721-R62 | 9721-U62 |
B | 9721-N65 | 9721-R65 | 9721-U65 |
NO.2 | 9721-N68 | 9721-R68 | 9721-U68 |
NO.2C | 9721-N71 | 9721-R71 | 9721-U71 |
NO.2B | 9721-N74 | 9721-R74 | 9721-U74 |
NO.3 | 9721-N77 | 9721-R77 | 9721-U77 |
NO.3C | 9721-N80 | 9721-R80 | 9721-U80 |
NO.3B | 9721-N83 | 9721-R83 | 9721-U83 |
NO.4 | 9721-N86 | 9721-R86 | 9721-U86 |
NO.4C | 9721-N89 | 9721-R89 | 9721-U89 |
NO.4B | 9721-N92 | 9721-R92 | 9721-U92 |
NO.5 | 9721-N95 | 9721-R95 | 9721-U95 |
Cannon-Fenske Routine | ||
Uncalibrated CFRU | Calibrated CFRC | |
NO.25 | 9721-A50 | 9721-B50 |
NO.50 | 9721-A53 | 9721-B53 |
NO.75 | 9721-A56 | 9721-B56 |
00 | 9721-A59 | 9721-B59 |
50 | 9721-A62 | 9721-B62 |
NO.200 | 9721-A65 | 9721-B65 |
NO.300 | 9721-A68 | 9721-B68 |
NO.350 | 9721-A71 | 9721-B71 |
NO.400 | 9721-A74 | 9721-B74 |
NO.450 | 9721-A77 | 9721-B77 |
NO.500 | 9721-A80 | 9721-B80 |
NO.600 | 9721-A83 | 9721-B83 |
NO.650 | 9721-A86 | 9721-B86 |
NO.700 | 9721-A89 | 9721-B89 |
Cannon-Fenske opaque | ||
Uncalibrated CFOU | Calibrated CFOC | |
NO.25 | 9721-E50 | 9721-F50 |
NO.50 | 9721-E53 | 9721-F53 |
NO.75 | 9721-E56 | 9721-F56 |
00 | 9721-E59 | 9721-F59 |
50 | 9721-E62 | 9721-F62 |
NO.200 | 9721-E65 | 9721-F65 |
NO.300 | 9721-E68 | 9721-F68 |
NO.350 | 9721-E71 | 9721-F71 |
NO.400 | 9721-E74 | 9721-F74 |
NO.450 | 9721-E77 | 9721-F77 |
NO.500 | 9721-E80 | 9721-F80 |
NO.600 | 9721-E83 | 9721-F83 |
NO.650 | 9721-E86 | 9721-F86 |
NO.700 | 9721-E89 | 9721-F89 |
Cannon-Ubbelohde Semi-Micro Viscometers | ||
Uncalibrated CUSMU | Calibrated CUSMC | |
NO.25 | 9721-G50 | 9721-H50 |
NO.50 | 9721-G53 | 9721-H53 |
NO.75 | 9721-G56 | 9721-H56 |
00 | 9721-G59 | 9721-H59 |
50 | 9721-G62 | 9721-H62 |
NO.200 | 9721-G65 | 9721-H65 |
NO.300 | 9721-G68 | 9721-H68 |
NO.350 | 9721-G71 | 9721-H71 |
NO.400 | 9721-G74 | 9721-H74 |
NO.450 | 9721-G77 | 9721-H77 |
NO.500 | 9721-G80 | 9721-H80 |
NO.600 | 9721-G83 | 9721-H83 |
NO.25 | 9721-G50 | 9721-H50 |
NO.50 | 9721-G53 | 9721-H53 |
Cannon-Ubbelohde | ||
Uncalibrated CUU | Calibrated CUC | |
NO.25 | 9721-J50 | 9721-K50 |
NO.50 | 9721-J53 | 9721-K53 |
NO.75 | 9721-J56 | 9721-K56 |
00 | 9721-J59 | 9721-K59 |
50 | 9721-J62 | 9721-K62 |
NO.200 | 9721-J65 | 9721-K65 |
NO.300 | 9721-J68 | 9721-K68 |
NO.350 | 9721-J71 | 9721-K71 |
NO.400 | 9721-J74 | 9721-K74 |
NO.450 | 9721-J77 | 9721-K77 |
NO.500 | 9721-J80 | 9721-K80 |
NO.600 | 9721-J83 | 9721-K83 |
NO.650 | 9721-J86 | 9721-K86 |
NO.700 | 9721-J89 | 9721-K89 |
Cannon-Ubbelohde Dilution Viscometers | ||
Uncalibrated CUDU | Calibrated CUDC | |
NO.25 | 9721-L50 | 9721-M50 |
NO.50 | 9721-L53 | 9721-M53 |
NO.75 | 9721-L56 | 9721-M56 |
00 | 9721-L59 | 9721-M59 |
50 | 9721-L62 | 9721-M62 |
NO.200 | 9721-L65 | 9721-M65 |
NO.300 | 9721-L68 | 9721-M68 |
NO.350 | 9721-L71 | 9721-M71 |
NO.400 | 9721-L74 | 9721-M74 |
NO.450 | 9721-L77 | 9721-M77 |
NO.500 | 9721-L80 | 9721-M80 |
NO.600 | 9721-L83 | 9721-M83 |
Zeitfuchs Cross-arm Viscometers | ||
ZCAC | ZCAXC | |
9723-S50 | 9723-U50 | |
NO.2 | 9723-S53 | 9723-U53 |
NO.3 | 9723-S56 | 9723-U56 |
NO.4 | 9723-S59 | 9723-U59 |
NO.5 | 9723-S62 | 9723-U62 |
NO.6 | 9723-S65 | 9723-U65 |
NO.7 | 9723-S68 | 9723-U68 |
NO.8 | 9723-S71 | 9723-U71 |
NO.9 | 9723-S74 | 9723-U74 |
0 | 9723-S77 | 9723-U77 |
Modified Koppers Vacuum Viscometers | |
25 | 9724-W50 |
50 | 9724-W55 |
100 | 9724-W60 |
200 | 9724-W65 |
400 | 9724-W70 |
Asphalt Institute Vacuum | |
25 | 9724-R50 |
50 | 9724-R55 |
100 | 9724-R60 |
200 | 9724-R65 |
400R | 9724-R70 |
800R | 9724-R75 |
貨號(hào) | 玻璃毛細(xì)粘度管配件 |
9726-M50 | H100塑料粘度夾(適合Cannon-Fenske) |
9726-M70 | H101塑料粘度夾(適合Cannon-Ubbelohde) |
9726-M53 | H110 Neoprene粘度夾(適合Cannon-Fenske) |
9726-M79 | H113銅粘度夾(適合Cannon-Fenske Opaque) |
9726-M95 | H115 Neoprene粘度夾(適合Zeitfuchs) |
9726-M73 | H120 Neoprene粘度夾(適合Cannon-Ubbelohde) |
9726-M82 | H130銅粘度夾(適合Ubbelohde) |
9726-M76 | H131銅粘度夾(適合Cannon-Ubbelohde) |
9726-M98 | H132銅粘度夾(適合Zeitfuchs) |
9726-M99 | H133 BS/IP/SLSuspendedLevel |
9726-N15 | H140粘度計(jì)支架 |
9726-N30 | H141粘度計(jì)支架 |
9726-N45 | H142 Cannon-Ubbelohde FilterStick |
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